Paris, 1939) Emile Meyerson, Identity and Reality, trans. T Particularly inftuential were Alexandre Koyre, Etudes GaliUennes ( 3 vols. Quine opened for me the philosophical puzzles of the analytic-synthetic distinction.3 That is the sort of random exploration that the Society of Fellows permits, and only through it could I have encountered Ludwik Fleck's almost unknown monograph, Whorfs speculations about the effect of language on world view and W. A footnote encountered by chance led me to the experiments by which Jean Piaget has illuminated both the various worlds of the growing child and the process of transition from one to the next.2 One of my colleagues set me to reading papers in the psychology of perception, particularly the Gestalt psychologists another introduced me to B. Much of my time in those years, however, was spent explor ing fields without apparent relation to history of science but in which research now discloses problems like the ones history was bringing to my attention. Lovejoy's GreatĬhain of Being, have been second only to primary source ma terials in shaping my conception of what the history of scientific ideas can be. Though I increasingly question a few of their particular historical inter pretations, their works, together with A. Preface andre Koyre and first encountered those of Emile Meyerson, Helene Metzger, and Anneliese Maier! More clearly than most other recent scholars, this group has shown what it was like to think scientifically in a period when the canons of scientific thought were very different from those current today. In particular I continued to study the writings of Alex. Part of my time in those years was devoted to history of science proper. ![]() Without that period of freedom i:he transition to a new field of study would have been far more difficult and might not have been achieved. My first opportunity to pursue in depth some of the ideas set forth below was provided by three years as a Junior Fellow of the Society of Fellows of Harvard University. In some part it is an attempt to explain to myself and to friends how I happened to be drawn from science to its history in the first place. Except for a few articles, this essay is the first of my published works in which these early concerns are dominant. The result was a drastic shift in my career plans, a shift from physics to history of sci ence and then, gradually, from relatively straightforward his torical problems back to the more philosophical concerns that had initially led me to history. Yet they were and are fundamental to many dis cussions of science, and their failures of verisimilitude therefore seemed thoroughly worth pursuing. Somehow, whatever their pedagogic utility and their abstract plausibility, those notions did not at all fit the enterprise that historical study displayed. Those conceptions were ones I had previously drawn partly from scientific training itself and partly from a long-standing avocational interest in the philosophy of science. To my complete surprise, that exposure to out-of-date scientific theory and practice radically undermined some of my basic conceptions about the nature of science and the reasons for its special success. A fortunate involve ment with an experimental college course treating physical science for the non-scientist provided my first exposure to the history of science. At that time I was a graduate student in theoretical physics already within sight of the end of my dissertation. Preface The essay that follows is the first full published report on a project originally conceived almost fifteen years ago. Progress through Revolutions Postscript-1969 Index The Nature and Necessity of Scientific Revolutions Revolutions IX.Ĭrisis and the Emergence of Scientific Theories The Response to Crisis Anomaly and the Emergence of Scientific Discoveries VII. Used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of theĪmerican National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. Includes bibliographical references and index. The structure of scientific revolutions I Thomas S. ISBN: 7-5 (cloth) ISBN: 8-3 (paper) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kuhn, Thomas S. Printed in the United States of America 05 04 03 02 01 00 ![]() The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 1962, 1970, 1996 by The University of Chicago The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Third Edition
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